CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MEIO FÍSICO PARA FINS DE PLANEJAMENTO URBANO COM A INDICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE RISCOS GEOLÓGICOS PRUDENTÓPOLIS (PR)
O presente trabalho refere-se à caracterização do meio físico do município de Prudentópolis para fins de uso e ocupação do solo, com ênfase à caracterização de áreas susceptíveis a escorregamentos de encostas que podem trazer prejuízos socioeconômicos para a sociedade, além da possibilidade de perda de vidas humanas. O objeto da presente avaliação é toda a área do município, abrangendo uma superfície aproximada de 2.237 km².
Geopatrimônio de Prudentópolis (PR) e seu potencial para o desenvolvimento do geoturismo
Prudentópolis, localizada na mesorregião sudeste do estado do Paraná, possui uma rica geodiversidade, abordada neste artigo em 19 geossítios com relevante potencial para o desenvolvimento do geoturismo local. O levantamento e diagnóstico do geopatrimônio de Prudentópolis expuseram como principais fatores que favorecem a prática do geoturismo:
1) produção de mapa dos geossítios de relevância científica, didática e cultural;
2) visitação já existente em grande parte dos locais de interesse com infraestrutura instalada;
3) forte interação das comunidades locais com o patrimônio natural e;
4) facilidade de acesso aos geossítios.
Capítulo 3 Arqueologia em Prudentópolis: memórias e patrimônio no Paraná
Apresenta um panorama dos estudos arqueológicos no município de Prudentópolis, situado na área central do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, inserindo muitos dados sobre vestígios ali recuperados, especialmente com auxílio das comunidades e gestores locais, ao longo de mais de cinquenta anos. A compreensão de nosso passado amplia o conhecimento e a diversidade cultural do tempo presente, e possibilita um melhor planejamento de nossos horizontes futuros. A palavra arqueologia vem do grego archaios-antigo e logos-tratado, ou seja, significa o estudo de tudo que é antigo. A arqueologia estuda, especialmente, os povos passados, com a análise voltada para os vestígios da cultura material, como perdidas em pedra ou cerâmica, as representações testemunhadas tais como as pinturas e gravuras rupestres, os restos de habitações e/ou aldeias, além das estratégias e da complexidade no sepultar os mortos. O cotidiano e parte do universo social de diferentes conseguiram ser caracterizados através da contextualização de evidências, que permitem acessar aspectos de memórias desconhecidas, num período que ultrapassa 15 mil anos e chega aos dias atuais.
PERMIAN LEONARDOSIA ORGANIC OOSPORES FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Leonardosia Sommer is one of the scarce Permian charophyte genera and is part of the lineage that may include the ancestors of the post-Palaeozoic families. Oospores of the species Leonardosia langei Sommer have been found in strata of the Teresina Formation, Parana ́ Basin, Southern Brazil, where they are preserved as compressions. The charophyte organs found in this formation, including the original description of Leonardosia have been previously been interpreted as gyrogonites despite the presence of a carbonaceous film. We propose that these charophyte organs and the fructifications should be re-interpreted as organic oospores rather than gyrogonites. The coiling pattern, in most cases, proved to be reverse as a result of the compression of the oospore against the internal wall of the dissolved gyrogonite. In some cases, the coiling was ambiguously observed in both directions by an overlap of the opposite walls of the oospore and the dissolved gyrogonite. A simple basal plate for L. langei was registered, and its relation with the main ideas about the phylogeny and the evolution of Mesozoic charophytes is also discussed. The ‘Stellatocharoi- deae’ is polyphyletic including both the stem lineage of the Nitellaceae, represented by the multipartite basal plate genera, and a clade that belongs to the evolutionary line of the Monoplacata, represented by Leonardosia.
Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora
An extensive survey of literature on the Permian floras of Gondwana reveals over 500 discrete arthropod–herbivory damage/plant–taxon/stratigraphic–unit associations spanning all regions of the supercontinent from the earliest Asselian to the latest Changhsingian. Margin– and apex–feeding damage is the most common style of herbivory but hole– and surface–feeding, galling, and oviposition damage are locally well represented. Evidence for skeletonization and mucivory is sparse and that for leaf mining is equivocal. Wood and root boring is recognized widely but only where depositional conditions were conducive to the permineralization of plant axes. Wood boring and detritivory may have been especially favoured arthropod feeding strategies in Permian high latitudes where living foliage was scarce during the polar winters. Herbivory damage is most strongly apparent on glossopterid remains; other groups of broad–leafed gymnosperms and sphenopsids host moderate levels of damage. Damage features are under–represented on lycophytes, ferns and spine– and scale–leafed conifers. A survey of insect body fossils from the Gondwanan Permian reveals that most records are from a small number of rich assemblages that are dominated by Blattodea, Hemiptera, Grylloblattida, Mecoptera and Protelytroptera, accompanied by significant representations of Coleoptera, Glosselytrodea, Miomoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Protorthoptera, Palaeodictyopteroida, Paoliida, Paraplecoptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera and Trichoptera, which collectively adopted a broad range of feeding styles. Oribatid mites and collembolans appear to have been important components of the wood–boring and detritivorous communities. Although temporal trends in herbivory styles and diversity are difficult to resolve from mostly incidental observations and illustrations of plant damage across Gondwana, the results of this study provide a baseline of qualitative data for future studies that should adopt a quantitative approach to the analysis of herbivory, spanning the shift from icehouse to hothouse conditions through the Permian of the Southern Hemisphere.
Diversity and Stratigraphic Distribution of Sphenophytes in the Permian of the Parana ́ Basin, Brazil
Sphenophytes have been recognized in the Brazilian Paraná Basin since the early twentieth century. The group is recorded from the late Pennsylvanian to Permian in deposits of the Itararé Group and Rio Bonito, Teresina and Rio do Rasto formations. The most frequent genera are Paracalamites, Phyllotheca, Sphenophyllum, and Schizoneura. Together with important reproductive structures and other vegetative parts, these genera assist the reconstruction of past floristic scenarios as well in the biostratigraphic correlations between their deposits with other regions of Gondwana. The first appearances of Sphenophyta in the basin are recorded in the Pennsylvanian Pre-Glossopteris Flora from the Itararé Group represented by Paracalamites australis and the forms related to the genus Sphenophyllum. This floral record occurred during interglacial and periglacial periods under the cooling regime of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age, a climatic event that spanned all over ondwana. The highest diversity of Sphenophytes is assigned from the Asselian to middle Artinskian, which comprises the uppermost portion of the Itararé Group and Rio Bonito Formation. Phyllotheca, Stephano phyllites, and Annularia appear in association with reproductive structures like Giridia, Paragiridia, and Notocalamites. In this interval, there occurred the broad domain of Glossopteris corresponding to the typical “Glossopetris Flora” in the post-glacial environmental condition. The Guadalupian–lower Lopingian, particularly the Rio do Rasto Formation, records the impoverishment and final disap pearance of the Glossopteris Flora in the basin under warm and predominantly semiarid conditions, still with a relative abundance of small stems of Paracalamites spp., but few fragmentary occurrences of Sphenophyllum paranaense, Sphenophyllum cf. S. thoni, Schizoneura gondwanensis, and not yet studied strobiles.
Morphology and taxonomic position of the bizarre Permian pachydomid bivalve Leinzia from Western Gondwana
The genus Leinzia is a typical member of the renowned Artinskian–Wuchiapingian (Permian) endemic bivalve fauna of the Passa Dois Group, Paraná Basin, Brazil. The extraordinary shells of Leinzia, characterized by a rostrum extending from the anterior cardinal margin led certain authors to regard them as bivalved arthropods (Spinicaudata). Due to the unusual morphology and typically poor preservation of the available specimens, the taxonomic position of Leinzia still remains obscure. Leinzia has been variously referred either to the Pterioida, the Crassatelloidea, the Sanguinolitidae, or the Megadesmidae, or to the Pholadomyida. Herein, based on a detailed review of the topotype material and description of newly found specimens of Leinzia from the Serrinha Member, Rio do Rasto Formation, southern Brazil, we shed light on the taxonomic position of this genus. The hinge of the right valve with its large, blunt, anteriorly inclined sub umbonal tooth and corresponding socket in the left valve coupled with the absence of true lateral teeth indicate close affinities to Pyramus and Cowperesia. Thus, the data here strongly suggest a Pachydomidae (Edmondioidea) rather than a Crassatelloidea affinity for Leinzia. Conversely, Leinzia differs from all other known Pachydomidae due to its anteriorly rostrate and posteriorly elongated shell. Finally, detailed stratigraphic data indicate that the vertical distribution of Leinzia is constrained to the middle part of the Guadalupian Serrinha Member of the Rio do Rasto Formation.
The last chapter of 30 million years of molluscan evolution: Permian non‐marine bivalves of the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil
The last chapter of the evolutionary history of the Permian (Artinskian–Wuchiapingian) endemic bivalves of the Passa Dois Group, Brazil, is depicted. They evolved in a vast, isolated epeiric sea under progressive continentalization. Previously, bivalves that thrived during times of marked non-marine (limnic) conditions have been poorly investigated. Hence, a systematic survey of the bivalves between the Leinzia similis assemblage (Serrinha Member) and the Palaeomutela platinensis assemblage (Morro Pelado Member), Rio do Rasto Formation, is presented. Over two hundred specimens were examined, and three bivalve assemblages were identifed: (a) the Terraia decarinata assemblage in the uppermost part of the Serrinha Member, including Relogiincola delicata gen. et sp. nov., Palaeomutela australis sp. nov., and Palaeomutela platinensis (Reed, 1935); (b) the Terraia cf. decarinata assemblage in the transition between the Serrinha and Morro Pelado members, including T. decarinata, and P. platinensis, and (c) the Palaeomutela australis assemblage in the lowermost part of the Morro Pelado Member, also including R. delicata and P. platinensis. The investigated bivalves were recorded above the last occurrences of Terraia altissima (Holdhaus, 1918) and Cowperesia emerita Mendes, 1952 in the Serrinha Member. In the Gai-As Formation, Huab Basin, Namibia, these species are found in well-constrained Wordian–Capitanian strata, suggesting a Capitanian–Wuchiapingian age for the studied assemblages. The Permian cosmopolitan freshwater genus Palaeomutela occurs in all three assemblages and is also found in the lower Beaufort Group (South and Central Africa). Therefore, our record may represent the maximum paleobiogeographic expansion of Palaeomutela in Western Gondwana.
Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic microfacies from Permian deposits of Western Gondwana: Evidence of gradual marine to continental transition or episodes of marine transgression?
At the end of the Paleozoic, several intracratonic basins developed in Gondwana, including the Paraná Basin in Western Gondwana. Permian sedimentary units include the Passa Dois Group, which encompasses four formations: the Irati, Serra Alta, Teresina, and Rio do Rasto, and represents a transition from marine to continental depositional environments. Its strata correlate extensively, from Argentina to South Africa, and the Irati andTeresina formations in particular present mixed carbonate-siliciclastic successions. This interval has been speculated to have formed under several different paleoenvironmental scenarios; however, Permian Gondwana basin microfacies, with no open sea influence, have rarely been studied. In addition, in these basins there is a scarcity of micropaleontological studies and geochronological calibration, besides an absence of marine index fossils. In view of this, a comprehensive microfacies study for the unit is developed, with a large and representative surface and subsurface sample analysis of the Passa Dois Group, divided into three large geographic domains: north, central, and south of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Thin sections distributed among the four units were analyzed with an emphasis on carbonate layers where the microfossils have a better chance to be recognized. The data were interpreted within a revised biochronostratigraphic framework and integrated with bivalves, macroflora, palynology, conchostracans, and vertebrates biozones. Microfacies analysis resulted in the recognition of 13 microfacies: four siliciclastic, eight carbonate, and one siliceous (chert). We observed a predominance of fine siliciclastic microfacies, rich in organic matter, in the Southern Domain; rudaceous carbonate microfacies in the Central Domain, with diverse allochemicals and the greater diversity of bioclasts; and an increase on siliciclastic sediments influx in the Northern Domain of the basin, where only the Irati and Teresina formations occur. A shortage of microfossils was observed in the South Domain, where the carbonate microfacies are less varied than those to the north. In the Central Domain, coarse-grained carbonates are present. Bivalves, ostracods, and sponge spicules are the main bioclasts on rudstones and grainstones from the Irati and Teresina formations, and have been interpreted as allochthonous to parautochthonous. The association of detrital and authigenic glauconite to bioaccumulations of sponge spicules is interpreted as episodes of marine transgression.
Narrativas e linhas interpretativas - Slides Prof. Dr. André W. Borba
Narrativas & linhas interpretativas (geocomunicação) são importantes para a candidatura (junto à GGN/UNESCO), mas também são importantes para a (geo)comunicação interna ao território (junto à comunidade). Contexto geológico do Supercontinente Pangea Narrativa/interpretação: de um mundo de continentes unidos a um mundo de territórios integrados em rede, convivendo em paz.